Cardinal-ordinal digital calculators and computers

ABSTRACT

A calculator comprising a conventional cardinal calculator having an input keyboard unit, a central processing unit input and output, and an output display unit wherein the connections on the central processing unit input from all terminals on the input keyboard unit are shifted down to that of the next lower numeral in the central processing unit input. The connections on the output display unit from all terminals on the central processing unit output are shifted up to that of the next upper numeral in the output display unit resulting in an ordinal calculator for producing an ordinal number sum, difference, product, or quotient answer from an input and subsequent computation of two ordinal numbers. With the addition of a gang switch for shifting all these connections by one terminal, a cardinal-ordinal calculator results for utilizing either or both cardinal and ordinal numbers. Two modifications of the ordinal calculator and two modifications of the cardinal-ordinal calculator are disclosed. For computer use it is only necessary that the computer program instruct the operator when to shift from cardinal to ordinal operation or vice versa.

United States Patent 1 1 Myers Feb. 27, 1973 CARDINAL-ORDINAL DIGITAL [57] ABSTRACT CALCULATORS AND COMPUTERS A calculator comprising a conventional cardinal calculator having an input keyboard unit, a central processing unit input and output, and an output dis- [75] Inventor! Pau y play unit wherein the connections on the central processing unit input from all terminals on the input [73] Asslgnee' gz gaz Seat keyboard unit are shifted down to that of the next lower numeral in the central processing unit input. [22] Filed: July 29, 1971 The connections on the output display unit from all terminals on the central processing unit output are [21] Appl' l67387 shifted up to that of the next upper numeral in the output display unit resulting in an ordinal calculator for producing an ordinal number sum, difference, product, or quotient answer from an input and suba 'g sequent computation of two ordinal numbers. With [58] Fie'm 235/l 56 154 the addition of a gang switch for shifting all these connections by one terminal, a cardinal-ordinal calculator R fer n s Cited results for utilizing either or both cardinal and ordinal 1 e e cc numbers. Two modifications of the ordinal calculator UNITED STATES PATENTS and two modifications of the cardinal-ordinal calculator are disclosed. For computer use it is only necessa- 3,353,008 11/1967 Kim et al. ..235/l56 X Primary ExaminerMalcolm A. Morrison Assistant Examiner-James F. Gottman Attorney-Theron H. Nichols ry that the computer program instruct the operator when to shift from cardinal to ordinal operation or vice versa.

26 Claims, 9 Drawing Figures ORDINAL DECIMAL MACHINE INPUT czu'rruu. OUTPUT KEYBOARD PROCESSING UNIT DISPLAY u-o YP.) (TYPICAL) INPUT OUTPUT (l-O,TYP.) (TYPICAL) o 1 o o l 4 o 8 c 8 B 0 o B s s s s PATENTEB FEBZ 7 i975 FIG.-

SHEET ORDINAL DECIMAL MACHINE "i m INPUT CENTRAL OUTPUT KEYBOARD PROCESSING UNIT DISPLAY (I'D-,TYP.) (TYPICAL) INPUT ouTPuf (I'O,TYP.) (TYPICAL) 7 0 7 7 0/ 7 s I s e s G if c- INVENTOR PAUL K. MYERS AGENT PATENTEB 3.718.810

- SHEETEUF 5 FIG. 2 MECHANICAL OUTPUT DISPLAY FIG. 6 CARDINAL-ORDINAL mPuT KEYBOARD CARDINAL ORDINAL INVENTOR PAUL K. MYERS AGENT I PATENTEDFEBZYIQIS v ,1

SHEET 3 OF 5 FIG. 4' ORDINAL BINARY MACHINE /Ilb l2b I sb Mb 7 INPUT CENTRAL OUTPUT KEYBOARD PROCESSING UNIT DISPLAY (l-0,TYP.) (TYPICAL) INPUT OUTPUT (I'O,TYP.) (TYPICAL) INVENTOR PAUL K. MYERS AGENT OUTPUT DISPLAY (TYPICAL) OROINAL POSITION OUTPUT BINARY GANG SWITCH (TYPICAL) TYPICAL SWITCHES INPUT OUTPUT lld OUTPUT (TYPICAL) INPUT BINARY GANG SWITCH (TYPICAL) F IG. 7

' INPUT .KEYBOARD (I'O,TYP.)

PATENTEUFEBZTTQYS CARDINAL POSITION INVENTOR PAUL K. MYERS 1' 7V BYVY, {ma/(K171,

AGENT MASTER DOUBLE THROW SWITCH (S) CARDINAL CARDINAL-ORDINAL DIGITAL CALCULATORS AND COMPUTERS OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION A principal object of this invention is to provide an ordinal calculator that will generate an ordinal number answer from an input of two or more ordinal numbers.

Another object of this invention is to provide a calculator that may be changed at will to either a cardinal calculator or an ordinal calculator.

A further object of this invention is to provide a cardinal-ordinal calculator which will operate with both cardinal and ordinal numbers for providing either the desired cardinal or ordinal answer.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a cardinal-ordinal calculator that is easy to operate and is of simple configuration and economical to form and assemble.

Other objects and various advantages of the disclosed calculators will be apparent from the following detailed description, together with the accompanying drawings, submitted for purposes of illustration only and not intended to define the scope of the invention, reference being made for that purpose to the subjoined claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The drawings diagrammatically illustrate by way of example, not by way of limitation, several forms of the invention wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the several views in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a new ordinal calculator with parts in section for performing arithmetical computation with decimal ordinal numbers;

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a mechanical dial register having six typical dials for allcalculators;

FIG. 3 is a schematic elevation view of six typical electronic display tubes for all calculators;

FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of another ordinal calculator with parts in section for performing arithmetical computation with binary ordinal numbers;

FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of another cardinal-ordinal calculator for performing arithmetical computation with both decimal ordinal and cardinal numbers;

FIG. 5A illustrates schematically two typical switches of input and output gang switches in the ordinal position;

FIG. SB illustrates schematically two typical switches of input and output gang switches in the cardinal positions;

FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a typical input keyboard of FIG. 5; and

FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of another cardinal-ordinal calculator for performing arithmetical computation with both binary cardinal and ordinal numbers.

PURPOSE OF THE CARDINAL-ORDINAL CALCULATORS rangement of parts shown and described, since the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or carried out in various other ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.

The cardinal portion of the cardinal-ordinal calculator is a conventional calculator for performing four of the basic cardinal arithmetic operations thereon, as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

In industry, cardinal numbers may be illustrated as, the amount of material, the amount of money, the incoming quality of each part, outgoing quality of productionparts, average fraction of total number of production parts that require inspection, etc. Allv of these numbers may be easily coordinated with each other.

The ordinal number is that form of the number which shows the order of anything in a series, opposite to tor is new. It provides:

a. continuous statistical reliability checkout of machine tools and production processes.

b. decimalizing of factory and industrial filing systems and assembly systems.

c. lead time calculations in decimal digit form.

d. production and inspection scheduling.

e. acceptance by the calculator input of grammatical ordinals, and

f. display by the calculator output of grammatical ordinals.

Also, in the modifications of FIGS. 5 and 7, the new calculator may combine cardinal and ordinal calculations.

Likewise, all numbering systems may be reduced to decimal standard and utilized in the new computer.

FIG. 1 discloses schematically a block diagram of one, 11a, of the new ordinal calculators, which may be either a mechanical, electro-mechanical, or electronic calculator comprising the three basic portions, an input keyboard unit 12a, central processing unit 13a, and an output display unit 14a. There are ten terminals illustrated and arranged vertically and identified as l, 2, 3,- 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 0 (idenfied as the tenth numeral) on the input keyboard unit, on the central processing unit input, on the central processing unit output, and the output display unit. Numerals 1 to 0 identify the keys on the input keyboard unit and the readouts on the output display unit. The word terminal is also used to identify a-key, both terms include the whole electrical connection required with each key or terminal. The term calculator, used herein, implies both calculators and computers.

- CONVENTIONAL CARDINAL CALCULATOR In all the units, if all the first terminals 1 were interconnected, all the second terminals 2 were interconnected, all the third terminals 3 were interconnected, etc., the result is defined as a conventional cardinal calculator that would perform either of the four types of mathematical computations, depending on which of the four keys on the input keyboard unit was depressed and activated. The addition key is connected to terminal a, the subtraction key is connected to terminal b, the multiplication key X is connected to terminal 0, the division key is connected to terminal d, the total or equal key is connected to terminal e, and the decimal point is connected to terminal f, each of terminals a, b, c, d, e, and f, being on the central processing unit 13 for control thereof. The central processing unit accomplishes'all arithmetic and control functions of the calculator.

DESCRIPTION OF NEW ORDINAL CALCULATOR FOR DECIMAL ORDINAL NUMBERS The new ordinal calculator 11a comprises the above described conventional cardinal calculator with the connections on the central processing unit 13a input from the input keyboard 120 being shifted down one step or one terminal as illustrated in FIG. 1. Likewise all connections on the output display 140 from the central processing unit 13a output are shifted up one step or one terminal as illustrated in FIG. 1. The resulting calculator is the new ordinal calculator.

This calculator will compute ordinal additions, differences, products, and quotients between any two, or more, ordinal numbers, the calculator requiring any number of units, for the input and output portions. As many asfour basic operational computations may be performed on ordinal numbers by the calculator of FIG. 1.

An example of adding two ordinal numbers is, after the addition key is activated, and two numeral keys, as 5 and 6 are energized. Numeral keys 5 and 6 on the input keyboard unit activate the respective terminals 4 and 5 of the central processing units inputs. The central processing units outputs activate their terminal 9, which in turn activates the output display units terminal 0. The resulting sum of the two ordinal numbers 5 and 6 is the ordinal number (the tenth).

Other typical illustrative ordinal arithmetical operations are:

Subtraction: 9 5

Multiplication: 3 X 5 9 Division: 0 3.22 the 2nd hundredth belonging to the 2nd tenth of the 3rd one.

Distributive: 5 X (3 4) (9 23) 31 =the 1st one of the 3rd ten.

Symbol l is the understood value" meaning that if an ordinal number is written it is understood that symbols one are implied. Eg: Ordinal 5 can be used in any one of the following equivalent ordinal symbolisms:

115.11 1115.111, the form 15, the fifth one of the first ten, can be used to identify 5 as an ordinal 5.

For cardinal numbers the 0 symbol zero is the understood value in that if 0 is not written, it is implied.

' 17f. The dials of this register 16 are turned by the calculator 13a of FIG. 1 to present the correct number in the illustrated windows 18a to 18f for each dial. The basic axioms for the ordinal number n (the nth) are as follows:

1. Axioms of Addition and Multiplication 1 1 X n (the first the first times the nth) n =1 n 2 X n n+n=l+rt+n=3Xn 2. Axioms of Multiplication and Exponentiation 2 n (the second =the nth to the first power) it 2 X n n nXn=2 nXn=n (n is a geometrical circle; 3 center-circumferenceradius; the center, represented by the 1st power, is understood) Alternate displays may consist of electronic display tubes or typed printed readouts as disclosed in FIG. 3.; FIG. 3 illustrates six electronic display tubes of a preferred twenty tube display for the electronic calculator.

DESCRIPTION OF ORDINAL CALCULATOR FOR BINARY ORDINAL NUMBERS FIG. 4 illustrates the binary counterpart of the preceding calculator of FIG. 1. This ordinal calculator 11b likewise comprises the three portions comprising an input keyboard unit 12b, a central processing unit 13b, and an output display unit 14b of a conventional cardinal calculator, but with the connections between the terminals raised up one terminal to form the new ordinal binary calculator.

Thus, two binary ordinal number terminals 1 and 0 on an input keyboard unit 12b are connected to two terminals 0 and 1, respectively, of a central processing unit 13b input, and two terminals 1 and 0 of a central processing unit 13b output are connected to two terminals 0 and 1, respectively, of an output display unit 14b.

Similarly to FIG. 1, the selective operation keys X, and on the input keyboard unit, 12b of FIG. 4, are connected to their respective terminals a, b, c,d, e, and f for controlling the central processing unit 13b for generating the selective mathematical function with binary ordinal numbers.

Symbol 1 is the understood value meaning that if an ordinal number is written it is understood that symbols one are implied. Eg.: Ordinal 0 (the second)'can be used in any one of the following equivalent ordinal symbolisms=l0= 110 l l l0=0.l =0.1l =0.l l l l0.l=ll0.ll=lll0.lll.

The cardinal binary digit 1 can be written in any of the following equivalent forms.

1 =01 =00l =0001 l.0= l.00= l.000=0l.0=

The form 01 can be used to identify 1 as a cardinal l DESCRIPTION OF DUAL PURPOSE DECIMAL CARDINAL AND ORDINAL CALCULATOR FIG. 5 illustrates schematically a dual purpose decimal cardinal and ordinal calculator 110 comprising the three basic portions interconnected with gang switches. Thus, a conventional input keyboard unit 12c of the usual ten units, is shown having ten terminals, for example, as terminals 1 to 0 (0 being the tenth) with connections to terminals 1a to'0a, respectively, in input decade gang switch a.

The ten terminals In to 0a, FIG. 5, of decade gang switch 15a are each connected to its respective, stepped down terminal 1 to 0 on the central processing unit 130 input. Likewise the decade gang switch 15b with its ten terminals 1b to 0b is interconnected between the respective stepped down terminals 1 to 0 of the central processing unit 130 output and the respective terminals 1 to 0 of the output display unit 14c. While only one output display unit is illustrated, there are preferably twenty in number.

When key is depressed, then the symbol 0 is defined as zero in cardinal numbers. However, when key ORDINAL is depressed, then the symbol 0" is defined as the tenth in ordinal numbers.

Likewise in FIG. 5, the selective operation keys X, and decimal point on the input keyboard unit 12c are connected to their respective terminals a, b, c, d, e, and f for controlling the central processing unit 13c for generating the selective mathematical function with either or both cardinal and ordinal numbers, depending on the actuation and setting of the gang switches 15a and 15b.

FIG. 5A illustrates one switch 29 of the ten typical I single pole double throw switches, all of which form the ten pole double throw decade gang switch 150, and one switch 39 of the typical single pole double throw switches which form the ten pole double throw decade gang switch 15b. A portion of the central processing unit 130, FIG. 5A, is illustrated between the two gang switches. These two switches 29 and 39, FIG. 5A are illustrated in the up or ORDINAL position where they would be when master switch 30 on the input keyboard unit 12c is actuated to up or ORDINAL position. Switch 9a is shown with its contact element 19 pivoted upwardly to contact ordinal terminal 0 of the switch and thus is connected to terminal 0 of the input keyboard unit l2c.Likewise, switch 9b is shown with its contact element 20 pivoted upwardly to contact ordinal terminal 0 of the switch 9b and thus is connected to terminal 0 of the output display unit 14c.

FIG. 58 illustrates the two switches 29 and 39 of gang switches 15a and 15b actuated to the cardinal position as indicated by master switch 30 being so positioned wherein the contact element 19 of switch 29 is pivoted downwardly to contact cardinal terminal 9 of the switch 29 and thus is connected to terminal 9 of the input keyboard unit 12c. Likewise, switch 9b is illustrated with its contact element 20 pivoted downwardly to contact cardinal terminal terminal 9 of the switch 9b and thus is connected to terminal 9 of the output display unit 140.

All the individual switches of all the two typical gang switches 15a and 15b are connected in parallel so that all are actuated either to the up or ordinal position as controlled by master switch 30 when in its up or OR- DINAL position, or all switches are actuated to the down or CARDINAL position as controlled by master switch 30 in its down or CARDINAL position.

For computer use it is only necessary that the computer program instruct the operator when and which of the cardinal or ordinal positions to use on the master switch.

In operation of the dialregister of FIG. 2 when used in the calculator of FIG. 5, depression of the OR- DINAL key rotates all decimal dials simultaneously so that all dials read the next digit above the previouscardinal register. Also, depression of the CARDINAL key rotates all decimal dials simultaneously so that all dials read the next digit below the previous ordinalregister.

FIG. 3 illustrates six electronic display tubes of a preferred twenty tube display for the electronic calculator.

Depressing the ORDINAL key electronically rotates all decimal electronic display tube terminals simultaneously so that all terminals read the next digit above the previous cardinal register.

Depressing the CARDINAL key electronically rotates all decimal tube terminals simultaneously so that all terminals read the next digit below the previous ordinal register.

FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a typical input keyboard 15 for use with all modifications of the disclosed calculator. It has keys for the ten numbers 1 to 0, the four selective operation keys X, a decimal point and equal sign a CARDINAL number computation control key and an ORDINAL number computation control key. The penultimate key listed is utilized only on modifications of the calculator which can mix or calculate both cardinal and ordinal numbers, as only the last two modifications of FIGS. 5 and 7, since the embodiments of DIGS. l and 4 calculate only ordinal numbers.

This typical or representative push button input keyboard 15 is used in all types of calculators utilized herein, as an all-mechanical, electro-mechanical, electrial, or electronic decimal ordinal calculator.

OPERATION OF CARDINAL-ORDINAL CALCULATOR These 32 operations are:

ADDITION l.* Cardinal added to a cardinal yielding a cardinal sum 6+5=11 2. Cardinal added to a cardinal yielding an ordinal sum 6+5=22 3. Cardinal added to an ordinal yielding a cardinal sum 6+5=l0 A 4. Cardinal added to an ordinal yielding an ordinal sum 6+5=2l v 5. Ordinal added to a cardinal yielding a cardinal sum 6+5=l0 6. Ordinal added to a cardinal yielding an ordinal sum 6+5=2l 7. Ordinal added to an ordinal yielding a cardinal sum 6+5=9 8.**Ordinal added to an ordinal yielding an ordinal sum 6+5=0 SUBTRACTION MULTIPLICATION l.*Cardinal multiplied by a cardinal yielding a cardinal 3 5=l5 2. Cardinal multiplied by a cardinal equals an ordinal 3. Cardinal multiplied by an ordinal equals a cardinal prod. 3X5=l2 4.***Cardinal multiplied by an ordinal yielding a cardinal product* 3 X5=23 5. Ordinal multiplied by a cardinal yielding a cardinal product 3X5=10 6. Ordinal multiplied by a cardinal yielding an ordinal product 3X5=2l 7. Ordinal multiplied by an ordinal yielding a cardinal product 3X5=8 8. Ordinal multiplied by an ordinal yielding an ordinal product 3 5=9 DIVISION l.*Cardinal divided by a cardinal yields a cardinal quotient 9l3=3 2. Cardinal divided by a cardinal yields an ordinal quotient 9l3==4 3. Cardinal divided by an ordinal yields a cardinal quotient 9/3=4.5

4. Cardinal divided by an ordinal yields an ordinal quotient 9/3=5.6

5. Ordinal divided by a cardinal yields a cardinal quotient 9/3=2.67

quotient 9/3yields3.78 7. Ordinal divided by an ordinal yields a cardinal quotient 9l3=4 8.** Ordinal divided by an ordinal equals an ordinal quotient 9/3yields5 The above examples are illustrated hereinafter. Capabilities of the old cardinal calculator.

Thus the cardinal-ordinal calculator has 8 times the capability of the old cardinal calculator for basic opera-' tions.

*" Capabilities of new ordinal calculator alone. Computed after graphical forms.

EXAMPLES OF CALCULATION wITH THE NEW CALCULATOR IN GRAPHIC FORM In the following examples, cardinals count horizontal movements on a keyboard and are represented by the space between keys,

Ordinals count vertical strokes on a keyboard and are represented by the keys themselves, 0

6 Cardinal Number 6; 6,, Ordinal Number 6; etc.

ADDITION 1. & 2. 6+5 =11 =22 o 6 6 ..Cardinal 11 11 1-0rdinal 22 0 22 5 n 3 Cardinal 3 1- 4 Ordinal 4 0 .,-+4 Cardinal 1--*5 Ordinal 0 6. ordinal divided by a cidiiiaiiqaais'aH'biEiihf dinal product. 3 X 5 23 Cardinal -15 1 Ordinal 26 o 1 2 a 0 Cardinal 1 Ordinal 23 3 0 Cardinal -----10 1 Ordinal 21 o 1 2 3 0 Cardinal- 3 1 Ordina1-v4 0 Cardinal 4 (N c lglecting Decimal Fraction) 1 Ordinal 5 (Neg ccting Decimal Fraction) f. & 6. 90/3 =2.67.=3.78.,

' U 1 2 g 2 2 Cardinal 2 Neglecting Decimal Fraction 0 3 Ordinal 3 0 Neglecting Decimal Fraction 2 3 4 4 Cardinal 5 5 0 Ordinal EXAMFIIES OF CARTfiNAL-CRE'INAL 4o CALCULATION I. Cardinal multiplied by an ordinal yielding an or- 3 is a cardinal, 5 is an ordinal, 23 is an ordinal.

. 3X5=23 (The third times five the third one of the second group of ten). Set shift key S to cardinal. Enter 3. Enter X. Set shift key S to ordinal. Enter 5.

Enter Read ordinal number 23 on output register.

ll. Ordinal divided by a cardinal yielding an ordinal quotient. 9 3 3.78

9 is an ordinal, 3 is a cardinal, 3.78 is an ordinal. 9/3=3.78 (The nineth divided by three the eighth hundredth belonging to the seventh tenth of the third one). Set Shift key S to ordinal. Enter 9.

Enter Set shift key S to cardinal. Enter 3. Set shift key S to ordinal. Enter Read ordinal number 3.78 on output register.

in?"renaissance schedule masts (the eight tenth of May) and starts again every 1.6 months. Com- Read ordinal number 5.9 on output register (The 9th tenth of the 5th month).

Clear register.

Enter 5.8.

Enter Enter 5.9.

Enter I Read ordinal number 0.6 on output register (The sixth tenth of the tenth month).

0.6 the 4th tenth of October.

= October 17 on conventional calendar.

IV. Arrange the alphabet from A to Z into a decimal card filing system with equal spacing for each letter.

Label each drawer by column number and row number and label each slot in a drawer by bin number and slot number. Compute the file number of the lst slot for each letter.

There are 26 letters in the alphabet and 26 is a cardinal number.

Each letter is an ordinal number, eg: 0 the 3rd letter, z the 36th letter; the 6th letter of the 3rd group of ten letters.

The file number of the 1st slot for each letter isobtained by dividing the ordinal letter number by the cardinal number of letters in the alphabet (Reference Ex- I ample II) to four place accuracy.

Letter A =l/26 l l l 1; letter A begins in the lst slot of the lst bin of the 1st row of the 1st column (reading from right to left).

Letter B 2/26 .1496

Letter C 3/26 l 881 Letter X 34/26 .9951

Letter Y 35/26 .0341; letter Y begins in the lst slot of the 4th bin of the 3rd row of the 0th (tenth) column.

Letter Z 36/26 .0731

ColumnNo. v

Slot N 0.

mo BN UUUHUUHHE Front of Drawer labeled 18.

Drawer No.=(Col. No., Row No.) in that order.

ANOTHER EXAMPLE A slow motion camera view of the fingers of a calculator operator on the job shows two kinds of counting TABLES The addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division tables for ordinal decimal digits from the first (l) through the first one of the second group of ten (21) going on plus various combinations. This view is a and the corresponding ordinal binary digits from the first (1) through the first one of the second group of two (01) are as follows:

a e e S mmh m% a e X flm 8. e n m m m mm m m 0 f G me C M fie m mad 6 n n .m i t m dl 8 m f u i c .m un n m 0 .S k .I n otn a ma d d i l. S m n m a C n n .m mn o rr na h oal n. a e .lqvnm w r. ,8 e e .l e f. n p .m .w W H m 0 l. 0% n u fs a dd COOy mob we m mwn rmn ffn ODQW wann wh MM- im m. 0 a w u o b w. m e om ee [W .068 .KS

E.g.: 7+9 The seventh plus the ninth c. Sequentially Ordered Elements of Groups & Sub- Groups (requires both cardinal & ordinal operations).

EXAMPLES OF TRUE ORDINAL OPERATION or THE NEW CALCULATOR ADDITIONtNOt s 6 5 --o (The sixth in; the

fifth the tenth) 1. Set shiftkey 30 to ORDINAL which shifts gang switches 15a and 15b up to ordinal position. Thus keys 6 and 5 on the Input Keyboard activate terminals 5 and 4, respectively, of the Central Processing unit 13c input through gang switch 15a, 2. Enter 6 and 5 in Input Keyboard 12c.

3 Enter and numbers 5 and a and the Central Processing Unit T r in 9 is activated, ORDINAL DECIMAL MULTIPLICATION TABLE 4. Terminal 9 of the Central Processing unit output PM then activates terminal 0 of the Output Display through gang switch 15b, and

5. Thus, ordinal numeral 0 or 10 (the tenth) is the sum of the ordinal numbers 6 and 5. Likewise:

the ninth one of the filth group of ten.

the third the fifth).

v ."ORDINAL DECIMSLLQDIVISION TnBLE calculator, and two gang switches interconnected therein.

Accordingly, two binary ordinal number terminalsl and 0, FIG. 6, on the input keyboard unit 12d are con- T 1 2 a 4 a 6 7 s 9 o 21 5 nected through double throw switches lay and a of 2 2 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 input binary double pole double throw gang switch 150 "1 2 E 21.2 to the respective terminals 1 and 0 on the central a 2.4 .9 a g p 6 u M 27 23 2 L9 L8 1.7 L6 L6 processing unit 13d input Likewise, two terminals 1 g I: g 4 g 3 i 2 3 3 l0 and 0 of the central processing unit 13d output are con- 9 H 9 5 317 'a 211 214' 2.2 '2 11g 1 nected through double throw switches la and 0a,

u '2 i m respectively, of the output binary doublepole double Comm at the Flaw throw gang switch d to the respective terminalsl: and 'lllhgseventlh divided by the 11inth=the eighth tenth of the first one=the oof'the output d splay umt 14d,

' t to t tfiordinal indeterminaw o= infln1ty 15 When CARDINAL key IS depressed, the symbol 0" isdefined a zero in cardinal numbers, and when. ORDINAL key is depressed, the symbol 0 isdefined as the second inordinal numbers.

1. Five day week in the ordinal. decimal: system. Switch (S) in ordinal position.

Monday is the 1st day Friday is the 5th day X'-- t 't.FlG.7ft" t All'Mondays etc, are sextuplicates (6 ths). and he binary pom 0 he keyboard unitv 124'. are connected to their respective T z zfi ff gi terminals a, b,,c, d, e, and f for controlling the central 22 OFthe grzi 5 7 5 5 processing unit l3dfor generating the selectice mathe- Thursday of the 5th week; 5 4/6 ='5 .7 Friday of the 5th week; 5 5/6 5.9

2. Seven day week in the ordinal decimal system. Switch (S) in ordinal position 25 bers.

Thus, the calculator of FIG. 7 is the binary counter part of the calculator of FIG. 5.

Similarly to FIG. 4, the selective operation keys matical function with binary ordinal or cardinal mm 7 Sunday is the 1st day ORDINAD BIfiARY OPERATION TABLES- Saturday is the 7th y (i=the first: 0=the second) All Sundays octaves (8018) 1 t 01 ORDINAL BINARY ADDITION TABLE Sunday of the 8th week; 8 l/8 8.1 11 p+q- Monday of the 8th week; 8 2/8 =8.254 1 1 1 p 0+01 00 h fi I h d Tuesdayofthesrh week; 303??? ttoftfioiazmfietr o: 1221:. Wednesday of the 8th week; 8 4/8 8.530 01 01 00 011 group or two. I Thursday of the 8th week; 8 5/8 8.682 1 ogpg i ig BINARY SUBSTRACTION Friday of the 8th week; 8 6/8 8.827 E.g.: oo1 %1 Saturday or the 8th week; 8 i- 7/8 8.960. p 1 ig ffgi g ggigf fif 33f $42333: 3. An item w1ll be delivered on the 20th day startmg (Article "the" and sum st and 01 01 0 1 nd are grammatical expressions for minus from Wednesday of the 1st week. What week & day 40 i.e.:TheOnd=(-O)=0;O=Ond). will the delivery be made based on a five day week? or ORDINAL BINARY MULTIPLICA'IION X 1 0 01 'ra1g I 8E p q. 15 20,6 1 p 1 1 1 1 Th e secondtinies the first one of the second 0 1 0 01 group of two=the first one of the second 5 3 group of two. 1

: Tuesday of the 5th week 1 (1, ORDINAL BINARY DIVISION TABLE p+q. E. .:0+01=1.o=u.

4. On a seven day week the first item 15 scheduled for 1 1 1 Th e second one divided by the first one or the Thursday of the 5th week. The 20th item is scheduled p 0 0 Swmd m for Tuesday of the 0th (the tenth) week. 01 01 0 when will the 9th item be scheduled? N.B. =Ordinal indeterminate. "=Ordinal infinity.

5 5 2 397 5 g2 X 9 20 5532 2 09 It will thus be seen that various calculators and com- Y puters have been disclosed in a manner which meets 7-667 each of the objects set forth above.

While only a few embodiments of the invention have been shown in the accompanying specification and S R O 0 DUAL PURPOSE BINARY drawings, it will be evident that various other modifica- C ARDIN 0 1 AL CALCULATOR FOR tions are possible in the arrangement and construction BINARY CARDINAL AND ORDINAL NUMBERS of the disclosed calculators without departing from the scope of the invention, and it is accordingly desired to I comprehend within the purview of this invention such preceding calculator of FIG. 5. This calculator 11d also modifications as may be considered to fall within the comprises three portions comprising an input keyboard scope f the appended claims unit 12d, a central processing unit 13d, an output dis- 5 l l i play unit 14d of a conventional cardinal calculator, but 1 I a l l t comprising an i t k board nit with the connections between the terminals raised up having first and second terminals, a central processing one terminal to form the new cardinal-ordinal binary unit having first and second input terminals and first Wednesday of the 7th week.

FIG. 7 illustrates the binary counterpart of the the central processing unit output second terminal 1 being connected to the output display unit second terminal, the calculator comprising an ordinal calculator with,

a. said second terminal of said input keyboard unit being connected to said first input terminal of said central processing unit, and

b. said first output terminal of said central processing unit being connected to said second terminal of said output display unit for forming the ordinal calculator.

2. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein,

a. the input keyboard unit, the central processing input and output unit, and the output display unit each has at least a third terminal,

b. said third terminal of the input keyboard unit is connected to the second terminal of the central processing unit, and

c. the second terminal of the central processing unit output is connected to said third terminal of the output display unit for forming an ordinal calculator.

3. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein,

a. the input keyboard unit, the central processing input and output unit, and the output display unit each have a last terminal and a penultimate terminal,

. said last terminal of the input keyboard unit is connected to said penultimate terminal of the central processing unit input, and

. said penultimate terminal of the central processing unit output is connected to said last terminal of the output display unit.

4. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 3 wherein,

a. the first terminal of the input keyboard unit is connected to the last terminal of the central processing unit input, and

b. the last terminal of the central processing unit output is connected to the first terminal of the output display unit. v

5. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 3 wherein,

a. the last terminal of the input keyboard unit is connected to the first terminal of the central processing unit input, and

b. the first terminal of the central processing unit output is connected to the last terminal of the output display unit.

6. A calculator as defined in claim 5 wherein,

a. the calculator has switching means for connecting the second terminal of the input keyboard unit to the first input terminal of the central processing unit, and

b. said switching means connects the first output terminal of the central processing unit to the second terminal of the output display for forming a cardinal-ordinal calculator.

7. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein,

a. the input keyboard unit, the central processing input and output unit, and the output display unit each have a last terminal and a penultimate ter minal,

b. said penultimate terminal of the input keyboard unit is connected to said last terminal of the central processing unit input, and

c. said last terminal of the central processing unit output is connected to said penultimate terminal of the output display unit.

8. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein,

a. the first terminal of the input keyboard unit is connected to the second terminal of the central processing unit input, and

. The second terminal of the central processing unit output is connected to the first terminal of the output display unit.

. A calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein,

The input keyboard unit has an addition operation key connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, and

. actuation of said addition key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number sum in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.

10. A calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein,

a. the input keyboard unit has a subtraction operation key connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, and

b. actuation of said subtraction key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number difference in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit. v

11. A calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein,

a. the input keyboard unit has a multiplication operation key connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, and

b. actuation of said multiplication key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number product in the output display unit from two ordinalnumbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.

12. Acalculator as defined in claim 1 wherein,

a. the input keyboard unit has a division operation key connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, and

b. actuation of said division key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number quotient in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.

13. A calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein,

a. the calculator has switching means for interconnecting all of the first terminals for forminga car-. dinal calculator.

14. A calculator as defined in claim 13 wherein,

a. the switching means connects a third terminal of the input keyboard unit to a second input terminal of the central processing unit, and b. the switching means connects a second output terminal of the central processing unit to a third terminal of the output display unit for forming a cardinal-ordinal calculator;

15. A cardina -q 'd l calculator having an input keyboard unit, a central processing unit, and an output display unitiea ch unit having a plurality of terminals with the input keyboard unit first terminal being con- .nected to the central proc'easingunit first terminal, with -th'c centralprocessing unit first terminal being connected to the output delay unitfirst terminal, with the input keyboard unit second terminal being connected to the central processing unit second terminal, and with the central processing unit second tenninal being connected to the output display unit second terminal, for generating a cardinal number in the display unit from input cardinal numbers in the input keyboard, the calculator further comprising,

a. first switching means for connecting said second terminal of said input keyboard to said first terminal of said central processing unit input, and

b. second switching means for connecting said first output terminal of central processing unit to said second terminal of said output display for generating an ordinal number in the first terminal of the display unit from an ordinal number input in the first terminal or the input keyboard.

16. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 15 wherein,

a. the input keyboard unit, the central processing input and outputunit, and the output display unit each have a lastterrninal a penultimate tera minal, v a I r b. the first switching means connects said last terminal of the input keyboard unit to said penultimitlte terminal vof the central processing unit input, m

c. second switching means connects said penultimate terminal of central processing unit output 'to said last terminal of the output display unit.

17.'An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 15 wherein,

a. each of the units has a last terminal,

b. the first switching means connects the first ter minal of the central processing unit output to the first terminal of the output display. unit.

18. An ordinalcalculator as defined in claim 15 wherein,

a. the input keyboard unit, the central processing input and output unit, and the output display unit each has at leasta third terminal,

b. the first switching means connects said third terminal of the input keyboard unit to the second input terminal of the central processing unit, and

c the second switching means connects the second output terminal ofthe central processing unit to said third terminal of the output display unit.

19 A cardinal-ordinal calculator as recited in claim 15 wherein,

a. the first switching means connects the second terminal of the input keyboard tothe first terminal of the central processingunit input, and I I b. the secondswitching meansconnects the first output terminal of the central processing unit to the second tenninal of the output display for generating an ordinal number in the display unit second terminal from an ordinal number input in the second terminal of the input keyboard.

20. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim wherein,

a. each of said units having a third terminal,

b. the firstswitching means connects said third terminal of the input keyboard unit to the second terminal of the central processing unit input,

c. the second switching means connects the second terminal of the central processing unit output to said third terminal of the output display unit,

(1. the input keyboard unit has an addition operation key connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, and

. e. actuation of said addition key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number sum in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.

21. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 20 wherein,

a the input keyboard unit has a subtraction operation key connected tothe central processing unit for control thereof, and

b. actuation of said subtraction key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number difference in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in, the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit. I

22. A calculator as defined in claim 20 wherein,

a. the input keyboard unit has a multiplication operation key connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, and

b. actuation of said multiplication key forms an or dinal calculator for generating an ordinal number product in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.

23. A calculator as defined in claim 20 wherein,

a. the input keyboard unit has a division operation key connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, and

b. actuation of said division key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number quotient in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.

24. A cardinal-ordinal calculator having an input display unit, all units being interconnected, and selectable addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operation keys connected to said central processing unit for control thereof, said cardinal-ordinal calculator comprising, a. first switching means for connecting a first terminal on said central processing unit input, b. second switching means for connecting a first terminal on said central processing unit output to a first terminal on said output display unit, c. said first switching means connects a second terminal on said, input keyboard unit to a second terminal on saidcentral process unit input, I

keyboard unit, a central processing unit,-and an output minal on said input keyboard unit to a first terd. said second switching means connects a second terminal on said central processing unit output to a second terminal on said output display unit with both switching means in one position whereby said cardinal-ordinal calculator may performthe function of a cardinal calculator for generating a cardinal number of the. selected sum, difference, product, and quotient keys in the-output display unit from two cardinal numbers input in the first and second terminals in the input keyboard unit corresponding to the key operated, and c. said second terminal on said input keyboard unit is connectable by said first switching means to said first terminal on said central processing unit input, f. said first terminal on said central processing unit output is connectable by said secondlswitching means to said second terminal on said output display unit, g. a third terminal on said input keyboard unit is connectable by said first switching means to said second terminal on said central processing unit input, and

h. said second terminal on said central processingv unit output is connectable by 'said second switching means to a third terminal on said output display unit with both-switching means in a second position so that said cardinal-ordinal calculator may perform the function of an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number of the selected sum, difference, product, and quotient keys in said output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in said first and second terminals in said input keyboard unitr 25, In a calculator comprising an input keyboard unit having first and second terminals, a central processing unit having first and second input terminals and first and second outputterminals, and an output display unit having first and second terminals wherein a cardinal calculator would be formed with the input keyboard unit first terminal being connected to the central processing unit input first terminal, with the central processing unit output first tenninal being connected to the output display unit first terminal, with the input keyboard unit second terminal being connected to the central processing unit input secondterminal, and with the central processing unit output second terminal being connected to the output display unit second ,ter-

minal, a method for forming an ordinal calculator comprising, v I a. connecting at least one of the terminals of the input keyboard unit to the next lower input terminal of the central processing unit, and

b. connecting the output terminal of the central control thereof, v b. each of the three units has a third terminal, c. said'third terminal of the input'keyboard unit is connected to the second terminal of the central processing unit input, and

d. the second terminal of the central processing unit output is connected to said third terminal of the output display unit for forming an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number of the selected sum, difference, product, and quotient keys in the output display unit from two ordinal' numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.

k i l I keys connected to the central processing unit for v 4 

1. In a calculator comprising an input keyboard unit having first and second terminals, a central processing unit having first and second input terminals and first and second output terminals, and an output display unit having first and second terminals wherein a cardinal calculator would be formed with the input keyboard unit first terminal being connected to the central processing unit input first terminal, with the central processing unit output first terminal being connected to the output display unit first terminal, with the input keyboard unit second terminal being connected to the central processing unit input second terminal, and with the central processing unit output second terminal being connected to the output display unit second terminal, the calculator comprising an ordinal calculator with, a. said second terminal of said input keyboard unit being connected to said first input terminal of said central processing unit, and b. said first output terminal of said central processing unit being connected to said second terminal of said output display unit for forming the ordinal calculator.
 2. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein, a. the input keyboard unit, the central processing input and output unit, and the output display unit each hAs at least a third terminal, b. said third terminal of the input keyboard unit is connected to the second terminal of the central processing unit, and c. the second terminal of the central processing unit output is connected to said third terminal of the output display unit for forming an ordinal calculator.
 3. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein, a. the input keyboard unit, the central processing input and output unit, and the output display unit each have a last terminal and a penultimate terminal, b. said last terminal of the input keyboard unit is connected to said penultimate terminal of the central processing unit input, and c. said penultimate terminal of the central processing unit output is connected to said last terminal of the output display unit.
 4. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 3 wherein, a. the first terminal of the input keyboard unit is connected to the last terminal of the central processing unit input, and b. the last terminal of the central processing unit output is connected to the first terminal of the output display unit.
 5. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 3 wherein, a. the last terminal of the input keyboard unit is connected to the first terminal of the central processing unit input, and b. the first terminal of the central processing unit output is connected to the last terminal of the output display unit.
 6. A calculator as defined in claim 5 wherein, a. the calculator has switching means for connecting the second terminal of the input keyboard unit to the first input terminal of the central processing unit, and b. said switching means connects the first output terminal of the central processing unit to the second terminal of the output display for forming a cardinal-ordinal calculator.
 7. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein, a. the input keyboard unit, the central processing input and output unit, and the output display unit each have a last terminal and a penultimate terminal, b. said penultimate terminal of the input keyboard unit is connected to said last terminal of the central processing unit input, and c. said last terminal of the central processing unit output is connected to said penultimate terminal of the output display unit.
 8. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein, a. the first terminal of the input keyboard unit is connected to the second terminal of the central processing unit input, and b. The second terminal of the central processing unit output is connected to the first terminal of the output display unit.
 9. A calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein, a. The input keyboard unit has an addition operation key connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, and b. actuation of said addition key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number sum in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.
 10. A calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein, a. the input keyboard unit has a subtraction operation key connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, and b. actuation of said subtraction key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number difference in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.
 11. A calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein, a. the input keyboard unit has a multiplication operation key connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, and b. actuation of said multiplication key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number product in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.
 12. A calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein, a. the input keyboard unit has a division operation key connected to the central proceSsing unit for control thereof, and b. actuation of said division key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number quotient in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.
 13. A calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein, a. the calculator has switching means for interconnecting all of the first terminals for forming a cardinal calculator.
 14. A calculator as defined in claim 13 wherein, a. the switching means connects a third terminal of the input keyboard unit to a second input terminal of the central processing unit, and b. the switching means connects a second output terminal of the central processing unit to a third terminal of the output display unit for forming a cardinal-ordinal calculator.
 15. A cardinal-ordinal calculator having an input keyboard unit, a central processing unit, and an output display unit, each unit having a plurality of terminals with the input keyboard unit first terminal being connected to the central processing unit first terminal, with the central processing unit first terminal being connected to the output delay unit first terminal, with the input keyboard unit second terminal being connected to the central processing unit second terminal, and with the central processing unit second terminal being connected to the output display unit second terminal, for generating a cardinal number in the display unit from input cardinal numbers in the input keyboard, the calculator further comprising, a. first switching means for connecting said second terminal of said input keyboard to said first terminal of said central processing unit input, and b. second switching means for connecting said first output terminal of said central processing unit to said second terminal of said output display for generating an ordinal number in the first terminal of the display unit from an ordinal number input in the first terminal of the input keyboard.
 16. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 15 wherein, a. the input keyboard unit, the central processing input and output unit, and the output display unit each have a last terminal and a penultimate terminal, b. the first switching means connects said last terminal of the input keyboard unit to said penultimate terminal of the central processing unit input, and c. the second switching means connects said penultimate terminal of the central processing unit output to said last terminal of the output display unit.
 17. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 15 wherein, a. each of the units has a last terminal, b. the first switching means connects the first terminal of the central processing unit output to the first terminal of the output display unit.
 18. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 15 wherein, a. the input keyboard unit, the central processing input and output unit, and the output display unit each has at least a third terminal, b. the first switching means connects said third terminal of the input keyboard unit to the second input terminal of the central processing unit, and c. the second switching means connects the second output terminal of the central processing unit to said third terminal of the output display unit.
 19. A cardinal-ordinal calculator as recited in claim 15 wherein, a. the first switching means connects the second terminal of the input keyboard to the first terminal of the central processing unit input, and b. the second switching means connects the first output terminal of the central processing unit to the second terminal of the output display for generating an ordinal number in the display unit second terminal from an ordinal number input in the second terminal of the input keyboard.
 20. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 15 wherein, a. each of said units having a third terminal, b. the first switching means connects said third terminal of the input keyboard unit to the second Terminal of the central processing unit input, c. the second switching means connects the second terminal of the central processing unit output to said third terminal of the output display unit, d. the input keyboard unit has an addition operation key connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, and e. actuation of said addition key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number sum in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.
 21. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 20 wherein, a. the input keyboard unit has a subtraction operation key connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, and b. actuation of said subtraction key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number difference in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.
 22. A calculator as defined in claim 20 wherein, a. the input keyboard unit has a multiplication operation key connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, and b. actuation of said multiplication key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number product in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.
 23. A calculator as defined in claim 20 wherein, a. the input keyboard unit has a division operation key connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, and b. actuation of said division key forms an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number quotient in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit.
 24. A cardinal-ordinal calculator having an input keyboard unit, a central processing unit, and an output display unit, all units being interconnected, and selectable addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operation keys connected to said central processing unit for control thereof, said cardinal-ordinal calculator comprising, a. first switching means for connecting a first terminal on said input keyboard unit to a first terminal on said central processing unit input, b. second switching means for connecting a first terminal on said central processing unit output to a first terminal on said output display unit, c. said first switching means connects a second terminal on said input keyboard unit to a second terminal on said central process unit input, d. said second switching means connects a second terminal on said central processing unit output to a second terminal on said output display unit with both switching means in one position whereby said cardinal-ordinal calculator may perform the function of a cardinal calculator for generating a cardinal number of the selected sum, difference, product, and quotient keys in the output display unit from two cardinal numbers input in the first and second terminals in the input keyboard unit corresponding to the key operated, and e. said second terminal on said input keyboard unit is connectable by said first switching means to said first terminal on said central processing unit input, f. said first terminal on said central processing unit output is connectable by said second switching means to said second terminal on said output display unit, g. a third terminal on said input keyboard unit is connectable by said first switching means to said second terminal on said central processing unit input, and h. said second terminal on said central processing unit output is connectable by said second switching means to a third terminal on said output display unit with both switching means in a second position so that said cardinal-ordinal calculator may perform the function of an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number of the selected sum, difference, product, and quotient keys in said output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in said first and second terminals in said input keyboard unit.
 25. In a calculator comprising an input keyboard unit having first and second terminals, a central processing unit having first and second input terminals and first and second output terminals, and an output display unit having first and second terminals wherein a cardinal calculator would be formed with the input keyboard unit first terminal being connected to the central processing unit input first terminal, with the central processing unit output first terminal being connected to the output display unit first terminal, with the input keyboard unit second terminal being connected to the central processing unit input second terminal, and with the central processing unit output second terminal being connected to the output display unit second terminal, a method for forming an ordinal calculator comprising, a. connecting at least one of the terminals of the input keyboard unit to the next lower input terminal of the central processing unit, and b. connecting the output terminal of the central processing unit corresponding to the above recited next lower input terminal of the central processing unit to the next higher terminal of the output display unit.
 26. An ordinal calculator as defined in claim 1 wherein, a. the input keyboard unit has selectable addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operation keys connected to the central processing unit for control thereof, b. each of the three units has a third terminal, c. said third terminal of the input keyboard unit is connected to the second terminal of the central processing unit input, and d. the second terminal of the central processing unit output is connected to said third terminal of the output display unit for forming an ordinal calculator for generating an ordinal number of the selected sum, difference, product, and quotient keys in the output display unit from two ordinal numbers input in the first and second terminals of the input keyboard unit. 